The experience of EU8 countries in reforming VET

This article "Fiscal reform and Vocational Education in the EU8 countries" is about the experience of the EU 8 accession state in VET modernization. These 8 states do have a favourable сlimate for change in VET due to the EU accession process and the competitive pressure of neighboring rich EU-countries. Kazakhstan has the advantage of huge financial ressources and the experience of those countries. This waz, learning from the experience from EU8 countries might be a valuable lesson.
The strategic implication as researched in the article are about the convergence between general and vocational education. In general, Kazakhstan, moving to a 12 year school system, is in line with this. However, when modernizing VET, the focus might be on general skills - including the use of information and communication technology - in order to be cost-efficient and improve career potential of students.